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<channel>
	<title>Bridging the gap between CCIE RS and SP</title>
	<atom:link href="http://21500.net/?feed=rss2" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://21500.net</link>
	<description>Bridging the gap between CCIE RS and SP</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sun, 06 Jun 2010 14:47:45 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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			<item>
		<title>SP done</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=987</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=987#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 Jun 2010 11:52:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=987</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In a previous post I quoted the phrase &#8216;a journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step&#8217;. It also ends in a single step, in this case a single word: &#8216;PASS&#8217;.  This calls for another quote &#8216;laus deo semper&#8217;. I will post some more details soon, first some quality family time and guilt-free call of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In a previous post I quoted the phrase &#8216;a journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step&#8217;. It also ends in a single step, in this case a single word: &#8216;PASS&#8217;.  This calls for another quote &#8216;laus deo semper&#8217;. I will post some more details soon, first some quality family time and guilt-free <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Warfare_2" target="_blank">call of duty</a> <img src='http://21500.net/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>13</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>INE ospf traffic engineering challenge</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=969</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=969#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 May 2010 23:38:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mini Labs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dynagen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dynamips]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=969</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[While browsing blogs, when I should be labbing, I came across INE&#8217;s OSPF Traffic Engineering challenge. I normally ignore these because I happen to see them when they usually already expired. Well this one somehow managed to pull me in. Petr has a very valid point, most often real network challenges are fixed with the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>While browsing blogs, when I should be labbing, I came across <a href="http://blog.ine.com/2010/05/14/traffic-engineering-challenge/" target="_blank">INE&#8217;s OSPF Traffic Engineering challenge</a>. I normally ignore these because I happen to see them when they usually already expired. Well this one somehow managed to pull me in. Petr has a very valid point, most often real network challenges are fixed with the first, quick and easy solution (or future problem). I know if this was a scenario in our network, static routes would definitely be the prime candidate.</p>
<p>My summarized version of the answer to Petr&#8217;s challenge is to use multiple &#8216;logical&#8217; interfaces or in other words multiple subinterfaces, using only loopbacks for addressing or ip unnumbered loopback, since configuring additional ip addresses were not permitted. After the subinterfaces were configured all what was left to do is then manipulating the ospf cost on the R4-R1 link to 3 and set the maximum ospf paths. The net result: 6 paths to a subnet on R1, 3 going via R1, 2 paths via R3 and 1 path via R5:</p>
<blockquote><p>Routing entry for 100.100.100.0/24<br />
Known via &#8220;ospf 1&#8243;, distance 110, metric 4, type intra area<br />
Last update from 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1, 00:00:01 ago<br />
Routing Descriptor Blocks:<br />
* 5.5.5.5, from 1.1.1.1, 00:00:01 ago, via Serial1/3<br />
Route metric is 4, traffic share count is 1<br />
3.3.3.3, from 1.1.1.1, 00:00:01 ago, via Serial1/0.1<br />
Route metric is 4, traffic share count is 1<br />
3.3.3.3, from 1.1.1.1, 00:00:01 ago, via Serial1/0.2<br />
Route metric is 4, traffic share count is 1<br />
1.1.1.1, from 1.1.1.1, 00:00:01 ago, via Serial1/1.2<br />
Route metric is 4, traffic share count is 1<br />
1.1.1.1, from 1.1.1.1, 00:00:01 ago, via Serial1/1.1<br />
Route metric is 4, traffic share count is 1<br />
1.1.1.1, from 1.1.1.1, 00:00:01 ago, via Serial1/1.3<br />
Route metric is 4, traffic share count is 1</p></blockquote>
<p>The topology from URL above:</p>
<p><img class="alignnone" src="http://21500.net/store/ine-ospf/ospf-traffic-engineering.png" alt="" width="430" height="308" /></p>
<p>I fumbled a quick dynamips config together.</p>
<blockquote><p>autostart=false</p>
<p>####################<br />
# http://21500.net #<br />
####################</p>
<p>[localhost:7200]</p>
<p>[[3725]]<br />
image = /dyn/images/C3725-adv-ent-mz.124-23.BIN<br />
ram = 160<br />
mmap = true<br />
idlepc = 0&#215;60a8141c</p>
<p>[[Router R1]]<br />
model = 3725<br />
console = 2001<br />
S1/0 = R2 S1/0<br />
S1/1 = R4 S1/1<br />
S1/2 = R5 S1/2<br />
F0/0 = LAN 1</p>
<p>[[Router R2]]<br />
model = 3725<br />
console = 2002<br />
S1/1 =  R3 S1/1</p>
<p>[[Router R3]]<br />
model = 3725<br />
console = 2003<br />
S1/0 = R4 S1/0</p>
<p>[[Router R4]]<br />
model = 3725<br />
console = 2004<br />
S1/3 =  R5 S1/3</p>
<p>[[Router R5]]<br />
model = 3725<br />
console = 2005</p></blockquote>
<p>Completed config files if you want to run this minilab and perhaps find some more ways to solve the riddle.</p>
<p><a href="http://21500.net/store/ine-ospf/R1.txt">R1.txt</a><br />
<a href="http://21500.net/store/ine-ospf/R2.txt">R2,txt</a><br />
<a href="http://21500.net/store/ine-ospf/R3.txt">R3.txt</a><br />
<a href="http://21500.net/store/ine-ospf/R4.txt">R4.txt</a><br />
<a href="http://21500.net/store/ine-ospf/R5.txt">R5.txt</a></p>
<p>Update: And what do you know, the solution gets the prize <img src='http://21500.net/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Dynamips/Dynagen NET files for IPX SP workbooks</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=958</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=958#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 08 May 2010 18:17:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dynagen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dynamips]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=958</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Another item to scratch from my &#8220;to do&#8221; list. I built them before the Vol2 and Vol3 merge and not sure what changed to the topologies if any. If you are using the post-merge workbook I &#8216;assume&#8217; that you will need to switch between the two .net files depending on the lab.
Here they are:
Dynamips / [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Another item to scratch from my &#8220;to do&#8221; list. I built them before the Vol2 and Vol3 merge and not sure what changed to the topologies if any. If you are using the post-merge workbook I &#8216;assume&#8217; that you will need to switch between the two .net files depending on the lab.</p>
<p>Here they are:<br />
<a href="http://21500.net/store/ipx-sp-vol1-vol3.net">Dynamips / Dynagen NET file for IPexpert SP workbook vol1 and vol3</a><br />
<a href="http://21500.net/store/ipx-sp-vol2.net">Dynamips / Dynagen NET file for IPexpert SP workbook vol2</a></p>
<p>Note they were built on linux, which gave me the best results, therefore to use them on MS, you&#8217;ll need to edit the file and change the directories e.g /dyn/images/ to c:\dyn\images\</p>
<p>Please leave a comment if you find a bug.</p>
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		<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>SP Content manager Vincent Zhou introduces himself</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=952</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=952#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 May 2010 19:02:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniper]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=952</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[First, have a look at the post, some important leads are given towards future plans for the SP track, although we knew it has been coming for a long time:
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/message/58601
The most important bit, at least for me is:
&#8220;CCIE SP will continue to develop in line of SP industry requirement, a new version is on the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>First, have a look at the post, some important leads are given towards future plans for the SP track, although we knew it has been coming for a long time:<br />
<a href="https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/message/58601">https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/message/58601</a></p>
<p>The most important bit, at least for me is:<br />
&#8220;CCIE SP will continue to develop in line of SP industry requirement, a new version is on the way to come out. SP exam will NOT disapper in future. In a new version, SP lab will test on both IOS-XR platform and IOS platform, features like IPv6, more TE, more L3VPN, more L2VPN, more Multicast VPN, Carrier Ethernet, etc will test in the exam, please pay attention on official annoucement for detail in later, thanks.&#8221;</p>
<p>And interesting recent posts by Vincent:<br />
&#8220;Actually CCIE SP has completed new version design.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;There will have an annoucement about new SP Version 3 soon. For coming version, blueprint, test equipment and operating system will have large update. So in current version there are no plan for 360 program. And in comping new version 3.0. we wish to release 360 learning program, thanks.&#8221;</p>
<p>Seems that I am starting to become an advocate of the cisco learning network. I just joined the <a href="https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/groups/ccie-sp-study-group?view=discussions&amp;start=0">CCIE SP Study Group</a>. I missed quite a bit of news&#8230; Dubai SP seats, SP 360 program.</p>
<p><strong>Update:</strong><br />
&#8220;The main change are IPv6 and IOS-XR will start test in lab exam. All test equipment operating software will update to recent version, so recent SP technology will reflect in the exam. In version 3, there is no plan of seperate topology for troubleshooting section.&#8221;</p>
<p>Ok, from this it appears that the current hardware will still be there (&#8220;<em>All test equipment operating software will update to recent version</em>&#8220;). I &#8216;assume&#8217; the 2600&#8217;s will move to pure CE devices where they belong and at least the bug issues (&#8220;traceback!&#8221;) will be reduced. Then it is not clear whether we will see XR hardware or emulation. Its probably more likely to be an emulator judging on the virtualization of the RS track. XR is lean on features and I dont think there is scope for big surprises :/ . There is also a possibility that XR will only be tested in OEQ, but I doubt this is the case. They want engineers to get accustomed to XR, because if you take the journey from IOS to XR, you might as well that the journey all the way to juniper. Maybe a bit harsh? Damage limitation strategy perhaps.</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>SP lab Switching vs Dynamips</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=949</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=949#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 May 2010 18:45:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dynagen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dynamips]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=949</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Just a short post regarding the above, should have posted this long ago. 
I often get the question or see someone asking this on the forums. &#8220;How much switching is required in the SP lab?&#8221; or &#8220;Can I prepare using only dynamips?&#8221;. The short answer is you can rely 100% on dynamips for SP preparation. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Just a short post regarding the above, should have posted this long ago. </p>
<p>I often get the question or see someone asking this on the forums. &#8220;How much switching is required in the SP lab?&#8221; or &#8220;Can I prepare using only dynamips?&#8221;. The short answer is you can rely 100% on dynamips for SP preparation. If you are not comfortable with just using dynamips, you can use the <a href="http://21500.net/?p=666">breakout switch method</a>. Although this is overkill for SP it is a nice setup for RS. I ditched the real switches in favor for the dynamips switch modules due to the noise factor.</p>
<p>Another thing to note is that L2 switching is pretty much completely preconfigured. See page 11 of the attached Preparing-SP-lab-part1 22Dec08 d-3927.pdf on the cisco learning network page https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-3927 to get further details.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>The best way to predict your future is to create it</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=940</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=940#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Apr 2010 22:56:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=940</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Well, I have been away from studying for two and a half months. It is hard to believe that time went by so quick. Time is one of the most mysterious things, one day you are preparing for a lab the next two years have passed. The last two months have been hectic, both at [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well, I have been away from studying for two and a half months. It is hard to believe that time went by so quick. Time is one of the most mysterious things, one day you are preparing for a lab the next two years have passed. The last two months have been hectic, both at work with projects and becoming a dad. That was and still is an awesome experience and would not have traded it for two ccie&#8217;s. The little one is a month old today, this earmarks a new era for us, no more extended quality dad time for hopefully only a few short months (see quote 6). Need to roll up the sleeves and &#8216;make&#8217; time, this is not going to be easy. In fact this is going to be hard, I wont hold it against the family if I am not awarded dad of the year this year. This is where I really appreciate my supporting wife. I have a new found respect for CCIE&#8217;s that did the journey with little ones in the house.</p>
<p>When coming out of a study slump I often first need to get myself motivated. I actually enjoy this part. I usually start meditating about what I want to achieve and why, some music might be involved and would probably start with something depressing like Scorpions &#8211; &#8216;Winds of change&#8217; and end up with Bon Jovi &#8211; &#8216;Its my life&#8217;, perhaps even proclaiming &#8220;Aint gonna be just a face in the crowd!&#8221;. Some motivational quotes work to get the meditation going and by the way motivational posters dont work <img src='http://21500.net/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>I made a list of some quotes I read tonight that struck a cord:</p>
<p>1. &#8220;The best way to predict your future is to create it.&#8221; Unknown<br />
2. “Success doesn’t come to you, you go to it.” Marva Collins<br />
3. &#8220;Motivation is a fire from within. If someone else tries to light that fire under you, chances are it will burn very briefly. &#8221; Stephen R. Covey<br />
4. &#8220;Where the heart is willing, it will find a thousand ways. Where it is unwilling, it will find a thousand excuses.&#8221; Arlen Price<br />
5. &#8220;Motivation is what gets you started. Habit is what keeps you going.&#8221; Jim Ryun<br />
6. &#8220;You will never find time for anything. If you want time you must make it. &#8221; Charles Buxton<br />
7. &#8220;Will you look back on life and say, &#8220;I wish I had,&#8221; or &#8220;I&#8217;m glad I did&#8221;?&#8221; Zig Ziglar<br />
8. &#8220;The only goal you can&#8217;t accomplish is the one that you don&#8217;t go after!&#8221; Vilis Ozols<br />
9. &#8220;When you shoot for the moon and you come up short, you still end up among the stars.&#8221; Les Brown<br />
10. &#8220;What the mind can conceive and believe, it can achieve.&#8221; Napoleon Hill<br />
11. &#8220;Luck favors momentum.&#8221; Unknown<br />
12. “Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful.” Albert Schweitzer<br />
13. “A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step.” Chinese Proverb<br />
14. “The belief in a thing makes it happen.” Frank Lloyd Wright<br />
15. “Enthusiasm spells the difference between mediocrity and accomplishment.” Norman Vincent Peale<br />
16. “In the confrontation between the stream and the rock, the stream always wins not by strength but by perseverance.” H. Jackson Brown<br />
17. “When a man is willing and eager, the gods join in.” Aeschylus<br />
18. “Always make a total effort, even when the odds are against you.” Arnold Palmer<br />
19. &#8220;Success isn’t how far you got, but the distance you traveled from where you started.&#8221; Proverb<br />
20. &#8220;Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great,&#8221; Mark Twain</p>
<p>Next a strategy is needed on how much time to spend on labs and theory. I will probably spend more time reading than working through actual labs as I can cover more ground this way to refresh all the grey matter. A few days before the lab I will work through some full-scale labs and focus on speed. If the SP seats continue to be available as they are at the moment, I think this is a good season to put this one to bed.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Thank you for coming, please come again &#8211; Bangalore</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=926</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=926#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 11:56:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=926</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[About an hour after the lab, while still researching my OEQ answers the results arrived. By this time I already knew that I got one completely wrong because I did not have an idea what the abbreviation stood for and the second question I could only remember two of the required four answers. So it was game [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>About an hour after the lab, while still researching my OEQ answers the results arrived. By this time I already knew that I got one completely wrong because I did not have an idea what the abbreviation stood for and the second question I could only remember two of the required four answers. So it was game over in the first 1.5 questions. The rest of the lab went humorlessly without incident.</p>
<p>Three of the open ended questions I would rate fair and acceptable, but only if there were four of them. All three I encountered somewhere along the Cisco studies. Only one was related to lab preparation. The list of four of which I could only remember 2 of was way back for CCNP/IP and the RS/SP written. I have memorized these a few times, but four was just too much to remember from a year+ back. The very first question was just insane, I bet none of the proctors knew what it was or that it existed before adding it in the OEQ. I doubt Russ White or Narbik&#8217;s gran knows. Forget about 4 questions, there are only three possible questions of which all three are required to be answered correctly. They might be a short answer, an explanation or a list of answers.</p>
<p>Apparently the OEQ are not repeated. Not sure how sustainable that is but since the introduction of OEQ the proctors have much more time on their hands as they dont have to manually grade the lab after the script. What they used to do and do when the OEQ are passed was to check the questions the script has marked incorrect. Since there are multiple ways to do the same thing, the proctor could reverse the mark. They dont have to do this anymore, since the OEQ&#8217;s are a sure thing, which gives them more time to develop more OEQ&#8217;s and most importantly, more time to develop more labs. This also means the results in case of a fail arrive very soon, 30 minutes to 1 hour after the lab.</p>
<p>The lab portion went well. I managed to complete the lab with 1.5 hours left. During verification I found some errors, like referencing an acl 101 while I configured acl 107.  The time was much more manageable than the lab I had in Brussels where it was a complete race against time. There were about three questions where I had to look up in the documentation but could not find any related docs. During lunch I thought about the questions, figured it out and made it work after lunch. By the end of the lab all I thought about were the OEQ&#8217;s, the list of four of which I tried my best to come up with two more possible correct answers. I was unsure about one lab question but according to the lovely score report I got all the points for the section.</p>
<p>The proctor Mahesh, didnt seem too bad. After reading swapnedu&#8217;s feedback I had low expectations. In the brief before the lab I asked for a 5 minute warning which he reluctantly agreed to but executed well. This is quite important at Bangalore as the time on the workstation was incorrect so I was never sure what the correct time was or how much time was left. The lab started very late at 9:40. If I ever have to come here again, I will definitely not be there at 8am.</p>
<p>The venue was good, I think it is on par with Brussels, except that at Brussels its the only place to get a decent lunch. The screens were about 21&#8243; lcd&#8217;s. The commute from the airport to the Unwind Islands where I ended up staying is about an hour. Apparently this could be worse. Traffic is hectic so try to avoid it if possible. Cisco is within 10minutes walking distance, but think about walking once you are here. The area might be considered rough around the edges if you are not from this part of the world and therefore not everybody&#8217;s cup of tea. If you dont walk, the hotel will arrange drop off. I opted for a drop off in the morning and a walk back.</p>
<p>Overall I dont think the OEQ&#8217;s, besides the one below the belt, were too bad. The mistake I made was to do labs and read that specific portion from the documentation, anticipating that the OEQ&#8217;s will test core topics and concepts. Next time I will be better prepared on a pure theory level. I still think OEQ is a good addition to the lab that just needs to be refined and executed/implemented better on SP. If the OEQ release the proctors to spend more time developing fresh content then I am all for it. This is still early days and I think the SP proctors are still finding their feet regarding OEQ. I am sure this will improve as they get more experienced at developing content that test candidates accurately.</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>BGP fast-external-fallover &#8211; Common confusion</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=916</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=916#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Feb 2010 13:01:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=916</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Most will know the feature and what it does, but to recap the process level command:
R5(config-router)#bgp fast-external-fallover
R5(config-router)#no bgp fast-external-fallover
This feature will enable fast fallover in the event of a link failure for all neighbors peers. In layman terms shutdown the bgp neighbor as soon as the interface reset is detected and not wait for the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Most will know the feature and what it does, but to recap the process level command:</p>
<blockquote><p>R5(config-router)#bgp fast-external-fallover</p>
<p>R5(config-router)#no bgp fast-external-fallover</p></blockquote>
<p>This feature will enable fast fallover in the event of a link failure for all neighbors peers. In layman terms shutdown the bgp neighbor as soon as the interface reset is detected and not wait for the holddown timer to expire.</p>
<p>Then the interface command:</p>
<blockquote><p>R5(config-if)#ip bgp fast-external-fallover permit</p>
<p>R5(config-if)#ip bgp fast-external-fallover deny</p></blockquote>
<p>This is used to overwrite the process level command. Therefore if the feature is enabled under the bgp process, which is on by <em>default,</em> and a specific client interface is flapping frequently, the interface level command can be used to keep the client peer from flapping due to the fast-fallover and prevent upstream peers from dampening the client routes. Fast-fallover is important in multihomed scenarios where it is useful to shut the neighbor as soon as possible in order to avoid packet drops.</p>
<p>But the real reason for this post is that I have seen this a couple of times configured in both (RS) INE and (SP) IPX workbooks with the incorrect interface level command:</p>
<blockquote><p>R5(config-if)#no ip bgp fast-external-fallover</p></blockquote>
<p>This will have no effect, except removing previous fast-fallover config. Beware of this common confusion between the two syntaxes. The correct interface level configuration is to use <em>permit</em> or <em>deny</em>.</p>
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		<title>Old habits: Soft-Reconfiguration</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=904</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=904#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 30 Jan 2010 09:37:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=904</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[While on the subject of old habits, I had to mention this one. I remember back when studying for CCNA and maybe even CCNP that it was always recommended to configure soft-reconfiguration in order to propagate route policy updates/changes without hard resetting the bgp neighbor. This is one of those things that sometimes just becomes routine, a habit, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>While on the subject of old habits, I had to mention this one. I remember back when studying for CCNA and maybe even CCNP that it was always recommended to configure soft-reconfiguration in order to propagate route policy updates/changes without hard resetting the bgp neighbor. This is one of those things that sometimes just becomes routine, a habit, something that is just pasted into new configs and forgotten about. Well it might be time to shake this one off as well.</p>
<p>In brief terms the soft-reconfiguration command will allow a &#8217;soft&#8217; reset. The tcp session between the two bgp peers will not be reset but new policy changes will take effect. E.g, a new route-map filter is applied. Therefore a way to cause minimal damage to overall stability of the network.</p>
<p>A decade or so ago <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2918.txt" target="_self">RFC 2918 Route Refresh for BGP-4 September 2000</a> was published which made the soft-reconfiguration redundant. Two bgp peers that support the route refresh capability can implement a soft reset without any preconfiguration. In order to determine whether a peer support this capability:</p>
<blockquote><p>show ip bgp nei 11.11.7.11<br />
BGP neighbor is 11.11.7.11,  remote AS 11, external link<br />
BGP version 4, remote router ID 150.140.130.120<br />
BGP state = Established, up for 00:03:27<br />
Last read 00:00:27, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds<br />
Neighbor capabilities:<br />
<strong> Route refresh: advertised and received(new)</strong></p></blockquote>
<p>Extract from: <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/ip/configuration/guide/1cfbgp.html#wp1001128">http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/ip/configuration/guide/1cfbgp.html#wp1001128</a></p>
<p>To use soft reset without preconfiguration, both BGP peers must support the soft route refresh capability, which is advertised in the OPEN message sent when the peers establish a TCP session. Routers running Cisco IOS software releases prior to Release 12.1 do not support the route refresh capability and must clear the BGP session using the neighbor soft-reconfiguration router configuration command. Clearing the BGP session in this way will have a negative impact upon network operations and should only be used as a last resort.</p>
<table id="wp1001138table1001135" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="80%" bordercolor="#808080">
<caption style="margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0em; margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0em; text-transform: none;">
<p class="pTC_TableCap" style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0em; margin-top: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.5in; text-transform: none;">Table 8	Advantages and Disadvantages of Hard and Soft Resets</p>
</caption>
<tbody>
<tr align="left" valign="bottom">
<th style="font-size: 14px; color: #000000; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;" scope="col"><strong>Type of Reset</strong></th>
<th style="font-size: 14px; color: #000000; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;" scope="col"><strong>Advantages</strong></th>
<th style="font-size: 14px; color: #000000; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;" scope="col"><strong>Disadvantages</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Hard reset</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">No memory overhead.</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The prefixes in the BGP, IP, and Forwarding Information Base (FIB) tables provided by the neighbor are lost. Not recommended.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Outbound soft reset</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">No configuration, no storing of routing table updates.</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Does not reset inbound routing table updates.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Dynamic inbound soft reset</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Does not clear the BGP session and cache.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Does not require storing of routing table updates, and has no memory overhead.</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Both BGP routers must support the route refresh capability (in Cisco IOS Release 12.1 and later releases).</span></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Configured inbound soft reset (uses the<strong>neighbor soft-reconfiguration</strong> router configuration command)</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Can be used when both BGP routers do not support the automatic route refresh capability.</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Requires preconfiguration.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Stores all received (inbound) routing policy updates without modification; is memory-intensive.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Recommended only when absolutely necessary, such as when both BGP routers do not support the automatic route refresh capability.</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Now what does this really mean to you and me? The memory consumption used by soft-reconfiguration since all routes from a neighbor with soft-reconfig configured will be stored in memory. For example a peer might send a full table but the router is filtering all neighbor AS and neighbor client AS&#8217;s. Although only a few thousand routes might be inserted into the bgp table from this neighbor, the router still has to keep the remaining 200k+ routes in memory. If the router has a couple on these peers, it will probably not scale well. By relying only on the route refresh feature, the router will be able to scale to far more peers.</p>
<p>In an enterprise environment with less routes, an old 3600 might still be active in the BGP routing domain and become unstable due to running out of memory. Removing the legacy &#8220;soft-reconfiguration&#8221; configuration might be the healing touch it needs.</p>
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		<title>Another day, another CCIE track &#8211; SP Operations</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=889</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=889#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Jan 2010 18:14:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ccie sp operations]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=889</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I initially started with this post and thought hard about whether this post is a knee jerk reaction to another SP track. A couple days later and nothing has changes. CCIE SP Ops is still not a winner.
Sometimes when news is made you either get a positive or negative vibe. When the rumors surfaced about [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I initially started with this post and thought hard about whether this post is a knee jerk reaction to another SP track. A couple days later and nothing has changes. CCIE SP Ops is still not a winner.</p>
<p>Sometimes when news is made you either get a positive or negative vibe. When the rumors surfaced about CCIE Data Center, I had a positive vibe about it, from the speculation it just seems the right fit. A track that is needed by industry demand. A year ago when Cisco released CCIE Wireless, I had the same thoughts: &#8216;This is exactly what the industry needs&#8217;. Today Cisco announce CCIE SP Operations and my first impression is that this is going to be another CCIE Design or Storage. Is Cisco expanding with too many tracks too soon?</p>
<p>SP Operations will cover Cisco&#8217;s IP NGN which I have said on a couple of occasions should be on the SP track. Cisco IP Next Generation Network buzz is largely based on Carrier Ethernet. In very compact form, a mass migration from proprietary SONET/SDH/ATM onto Cisco Metro Ethernet and EoMPLS. I say Cisco Metro because it is an all Cisco or no Cisco affair since Cisco Metro Ethernet does not play ball with others well. This is largely due to not supporting standards QinQ 802.1ad on the Metro switches. From what I read in &#8216;future&#8217; releases they would, but read between the lines, once they have the monopoly on Carrier Ethernet.</p>
<p>I have no doubt Cisco has put a lot of research into this track, but I think they overlooked the most important aspect. CCIE SP has been neglected for years and has been begging for an upgrade. People have been talking about the outdated ATM/Frame and no relevant Layer2 VPN for ages. This is a personal opinion but I don&#8217;t believe IP NGN warrants a CCIE track on its own and again a personal opinion I don&#8217;t believe MPLS L3VPN does either. A mixture of the two however makes a lethal combination.</p>
<p>Another aspect of a new qualification is the time and numbers it takes in order to get market recognition. SP is only at a very late stage maturing into a track that is generally known and accepted in the industry. Will Cisco dumb down the SP Operations track in order to get the numbers out which will ensure engineers build another proprietary carrier network empire? Yes, sounds like a brilliant business plan. The second part will be the cost in preparing for XR, this one is not going to be cheap. Perhaps Cisco will sponsor (read: leak) a simulator?</p>
<p>It is still early days and not much about CCIE SP operations is known to make a informed judgement, but I get the gut feeling this is a track developed by Business/Sales in order to push a revenue stream rather than demand from the industry. While a lot is still unknown, this is my initial conclusion: SP operations has all the right ingredients for another epic fail.</p>
<p>From the general outline of the SP Operations written:</p>
<p><strong>1.0 </strong><strong>Manage the network fault management system</strong><br />
1.1 Develop a fault management process for a managed network environment collaboratively with the tools team<br />
1.2 Determine the interaction between the fault management system and the ticketing system in collaboration with the tools team<br />
1.3 Determine the method to gather appropriate metrics for an established fault management process</p>
<p><strong>2.0 </strong><strong>Manage performance and capacity</strong><br />
2.1 Identify spikes and potential trouble spots based on syslog and/or Network Management System (NMS) output<br />
2.2 Develop a plan to solve a particular performance issue based on syslog and/or Network Management System (NMS) output<br />
2.3 Identify the Network Management System (NMS) metrics and SLA metrics that will be needed in order to further troubleshoot a specific problem communicated orally, written, etc.<br />
2.4 Develop a plan to establish a baseline and monitor the network in conjunction with the tools and performance groups<br />
2.5 Create baseline network performance in conjunction with engineering and architecture teams<br />
2.6 Monitor the network to look for variances against the baseline<br />
2.7 Edit existing scripts which enable a network baseline management plan in conjunction with the tools and performance groups</p>
<p><strong>3.0 </strong><strong>Manage operations processes</strong><br />
3.1 Collaborate with the process team and NOC management on process development to meet a desired network operational objective<br />
3.2 Develop a specific prototype and test plan for a particular planned network change, working collaboratively with the engineering and design groups<br />
3.3 Develop, for a particular network, a list of needed tools working collaboratively with the tools team<br />
3.4 Develop a detailed operations plan  including metrics and reporting functions for a particular network working collaboratively with the process team<br />
3.5 Develop a process change action plan based on the results of a network audit<br />
3.6 Develop and maintain a spares plan for a particular network</p>
<p><strong>4.0 </strong><strong>Troubleshoot and fix reachability and transport problems within the network</strong><br />
4.1 Identify predecessor steps that have not been executed based on an escalation ticket dealing with reachability<br />
4.2 Determine whether to fix or escalate a ticket dealing with reachability<br />
4.3 Identify the area(s) causing a complex reachability problem of unknown origin<br />
4.4 Troubleshoot a complex routing problem and, considering the technical aspects, determine the risks and fix it<br />
4.5 Troubleshoot a complex security problem and, considering the technical aspects, determine the risks and fix it</p>
<p><strong>5.0 </strong><strong>Identify problems in implementation plans</strong><br />
5.1 Find issues of a rollout plan received from engineering before deployment<br />
5.2 Identify hardware which is not backwards compatible on a new service rollout plan<br />
5.3 Find hardware that needs operating system upgrades on a new service rollout plan<br />
5.4 Review and provide recommendations on areas in which NOC support plans will not be sufficient on a new service rollout plan</p>
<p><strong>6.0 </strong><strong>Troubleshoot and fix network performance problems</strong><br />
6.1 Identify predecessor steps that have not been executed based on an escalation ticket dealing with network performance<br />
6.2 Determine whether to fix or escalate a ticket dealing with network performance<br />
6.3 Determine whether to fix or where to escalate a core network fault<br />
6.4 Identify the source of a complex network performance problem<br />
6.5 Troubleshoot a complex network performance problem and, considering the technical aspects, determine the risks and  fix it<br />
6.6 Identify a complex application performance problem and isolate it<br />
6.7 Identify a complex computing device (server, call manager, etc &#8211; not the network or application) performance problem and isolate it<br />
6.8 Troubleshoot a complex traffic pattern problem and, considering the technical aspects, determine the risks and fix it<br />
6.9 Troubleshoot a complex, chronic performance problem and, considering the technical aspects, determine the risks and fix it</p>
<p>Identify spikes and escalate tickets? My word, what is Cisco doing? Sounds more like a CCNA blueprint. Perhaps just trust and put faith in the network giant? Hope this does not destroy the CCIE reputation.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Autonegotiate &#8211; The debate continues</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=870</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=870#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jan 2010 23:14:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=870</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The saying, old habbits die hard holds true to this one. Quite a while ago I read an article by Greg Ferro regarding the force speed and duplex myth. Today I stumbled on Terry Slattery&#8217;s blog regarding the same &#8220;autonegotiate duplex or not&#8220; topic. For those that dont know Sir Slattery, he is practically CCIE#1. Yes, the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The saying, old habbits die hard holds true to this one. Quite a while ago I read an article by Greg Ferro regarding the <a href="http://etherealmind.com/ethernet-autonegotiation-works-why-how-standard-should-be-set/" target="_blank">force speed and duplex myth</a>. Today I stumbled on Terry Slattery&#8217;s blog regarding the same &#8220;<a href="http://connection.netcordia.com/blogs/terrys_blog/archive/2009/12/05/auto-negotiate-duplex-or-not.aspx" target="_blank">autonegotiate duplex or not</a>&#8220; topic. For those that dont know Sir Slattery, he is practically CCIE#1. Yes, the first man on the moon. While I accept each person has his own opinion based on past experience, consider reading these two posts with an open mind.</p>
<p>The fundamental problem I have with the &#8220;Force All&#8221; practice is the administrative overhead with duplex mismatching. I found that problems caused due to this practice out weigh the problems solved by 100:1, in fact it might be more. Besides the network overhead there is also the system administrative overhead as forcing needs to happen on both sides or in a LAN scenario the helpdesk overhead when a techinician needs to force settings on all workstations.</p>
<p>Problems happen when ports are forced in order to make them shut up and stay up. I could compare this to a situation where my wife indirectly complains I am spending too much time preparing for the next CCIE, I could just put the head phones on and ignore the warning message. But this does not solve the problem and it might make it worse by making it harder to determine when I have pushed the issue beyond its limits. If ports are not agreeing on a speed and duplex, 99.9% of the time it can be solved by asking the following two questions?</p>
<p>1) Are both sides are auto/auto? Should be standard practice and you will have a happy network.</p>
<p>2) The Autonegotiation principle is based on electrical signal pulses with micro second (µs) tolerances.  Are the signals received within the required threshold? If not, why not? Quality layer 1 will determine the quality of the layers above.</p>
<p>This raise some thoughts:<br />
How old are the cables? How old is the Datacenter? Something that I hardly ever hear of is the lifespan of UTP cables. While manufactures will today punt a 20+ year lifespan on CAT5e, I personally believe UTP cables from the 90&#8217;s should be phased out. Where possible, do not re-use patch leads as they are often the culprits. Patching and repatching puts additional wear and tear on the cable/connectors. All good quality UTP cable has the manufacturing date printed almost every meter. Check the manufacture dates of the patch leads, more than 5 years? Tie a knot in it. Check the cable standard, recently I discovered a 1000Mb link issue due to a Cat5 cable (rated 100mb) being used. Only use at a minimum Cat5e.</p>
<p>The negative effects of forcing speeds is that the shut up and stay up effect does exactly that. The autonegotiation process especially on 1000Mb links is fundamental to fast fail over detection and error signaling. When troubleshooting something as simple as packetloss on a Gb link with both sides forced is difficult to determine whether the problem is at the physical layer. This is since only a fraction of errors and CRC&#8217;s are logged. Removing the settings will most likely display a more realistic error count. This is not specific to GB ports, I have seen this on 100mb links as well.</p>
<p>The fundamental flaw with forcing speed and duplex, besides the technical aspects mentioned above, is that everyone has to follow this <strong>religion vigorously</strong>.</p>
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		<title>Mixed feedback on SP OEQ</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=864</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=864#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jan 2010 18:24:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SP OEQ]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=864</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For the last week and a bit I have been doing what I consider preparing for the OEQ. My method of attack consist of reading a topic on the blueprint and then labbing up what ever I read. Again a simple approach. After reading the first feedback regarding the OEQ on the SP lab, my [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For the last week and a bit I have been doing what I consider preparing for the OEQ. My method of attack consist of reading a topic on the blueprint and then labbing up what ever I read. Again a simple approach. After reading the first feedback regarding the OEQ on the SP lab, my initial thought was that they will be relatively easy if one is prepared well for the lab. Putting more emphasis on the practical rather than theory seemed the appropriate next step. Now with further feedback from another candidate, I am not so sure.</p>
<p>Some comments from the two candidates to think about:</p>
<blockquote><p>Most positive thing about them was that they really were core things. And you can really answer with one single word, maybe 2-4, but that&#8217;s it.<br />
If you are able to pass the lab, you certainly are able to answer those four questions!</p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p>I passed the lab configuration today.  If I would have taken my test 2 weeks earlier, I would be a CCIE now.  BEWARE of the OEQs.  They threw me for a loop.  One was a stupid mistake.  The others were just crazy.  None of the simulator questions even came close! It was just not what I would consider core material. Look in all the nooks and crannies of all the books you have &#8211; there you may find some OEQ study material. I have not touched any lab configuration for the past month prior to my lab attempt yesterday.  All I did was reread books and bone back up on the theory.</p></blockquote>
<p>I am a bit puzzled.</p>
<p>See also Swapnendu&#8217;s feedback: <a href="http://eminent-ccie.blogspot.com/2010/01/failed-ccie-sp-lab-and-oeq-mystery.html">http://eminent-ccie.blogspot.com/2010/01/failed-ccie-sp-lab-and-oeq-mystery.html</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>CCIE Worldwide stats &#8211; RS still dropping</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=861</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=861#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 09 Jan 2010 16:58:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CCIE worldwide stats]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=861</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A month after the first RS number drop of 48 Cisco updated the stats again, this time the RS numbers dropped by a further 62 or about 2 a day. Interesting that so many people don&#8217;t recertify.
Comparing the stats from the beginning of 2009 with 2010:
Total new: 2136
Total RS: 1382
Total SP: 622
Total Double: 438
Total Sec: 340
Total [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A month after the first RS number drop of 48 Cisco updated the stats again, this time the RS numbers dropped by a further 62 or about 2 a day. Interesting that so many people don&#8217;t recertify.</p>
<p>Comparing the stats from the beginning of 2009 with 2010:</p>
<p>Total new: 2136<br />
Total RS: 1382<br />
Total SP: 622<br />
Total Double: 438<br />
Total Sec: 340<br />
Total Voice: 260<br />
Total Triple+: 98<br />
Total Wireless: 17<br />
Total Storage: 9</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le3/ccie/certified_ccies/worldwide.html" target="_blank">http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le3/ccie/certified_ccies/worldwide.html</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>BGP Best Path Selection Process</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=336</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=336#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2009 09:18:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bgp best path]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BGP best route]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BGP route selection]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.org/?p=336</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[One of those topics that is really fundamental to passing Cisco exams and labs or more importantly, predicting the behavior of BGP, is knowing the BGP route selection process well.
Following is a summary for quick reference.
1. Next_Hop: The next hop of the BGP route has to be in the routing table else if it is [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One of those topics that is really fundamental to passing Cisco exams and labs or more importantly, predicting the behavior of BGP, is knowing the BGP route selection process well.<br />
Following is a summary for quick reference.</p>
<p>1. <strong>Next_Hop:</strong> The next hop of the BGP route has to be in the routing table else if it is unreachable, the route is ignored.<br />
2. <strong>Pre-bestpath Cost:</strong> If the pre-bestpath cost attribute is present, choose the route with the lowest cost value, if they are the same, the lowest community.<br />
3. <strong>Weight:</strong> Cisco proprietary, local significant attribute where the largest is prefered.<br />
4. <strong>Loc_Pref:</strong> If the weights are the same, choose the path with the highest local preference.<br />
5. <strong>Local Originated:</strong> Routes that were locally originated with network statement, aggregated or redistributed.<br />
6. <strong>AS_PATH:</strong> Next compare the as-path length and prefer the route with the shortest AS_PATH length.<br />
7. <strong>ORIGIN:</strong> Choose the route with the lowest origin type if the AS_PATH lengths are the same. IGP&lt;EGP&lt;INCOMPLETE<br />
8. <strong>MED:</strong> If the origin types are the same, choose the route with the lowest MED value. This will only be compared for routes from the same AS or if bgp always-compare-med is enabled, for all routes.<br />
9. <strong>EBGP/iBGP:</strong> Prefer EBGP routes over IBGP routes if the routes have the same MED value.<br />
10. <strong>IGP:</strong> At this point if there are still multiple routes prefer the route with the shortest route to the NEXT_HOP. The IGP will have already determined the shortest path to the next-hop.<br />
11. <strong>Cost:</strong> If the cost attribute is present not configured to be ignored, choose the lowest cost.<br />
12. <strong>Multipath:</strong> If multipath is enabled, multiple paths that match up to this point will be installed.<br />
13. <strong>Oldest:</strong> If multiple external routes remain, choose the oldest one, thus avoids propagating a flapping route. To overwrite this, this step can be ignored with bestpath compare router-id.<br />
14. <strong>Router_ID:</strong> If multiple routes still exist, the BGP ROUTER_ID will be a tiebreaker. Choose the route advertised by the BGP peer with the lowest Router_ID. If RR present, the originator ID is used.<br />
15. <strong>Cluster Length:</strong> Minimum RR cluster length is compared next.<br />
16. <strong>Lowest Neighbor:</strong> Last, the path from the lowest neighbor address.</p>
<p>Richard Bannister made a great post on the topic that in detail illustrates the algorithm in a flow-chart:<br />
<a href="http://rbcciequest.wordpress.com/2008/02/27/bgp-path-selection/">http://rbcciequest.wordpress.com/2008/02/27/bgp-path-selection/</a></p>
<p>And then there is the well known Cisco documentation:<br />
<a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094431.shtml">http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094431.shtml</a></p>
<p>Preview of Richard Bannister&#8217;s flow-chart:<br />
<a href="http://rbcciequest.wordpress.com/2008/02/27/bgp-path-selection/"><img class="alignleft size-large wp-image-858" title="Bgp best path flow-chart" src="http://21500.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/bgpbestpathselection_flow_small-164x1024.png" alt="Bgp best path flow-chart" width="164" height="1024" /></a></p>
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		<title>BGP scan-time</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=409</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=409#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2009 08:18:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bgp scan interval]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bgp scan-time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bgp scanner process]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.org/?p=409</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[BGP scanner process monitors the next hop of installed routes to verify next-hop reachability. It is also responsible to select, install, and validate the BGP best path. By default, the BGP scanner is used to poll the RIB for this information every 60 seconds. During the 60 second time period between scan cycles, Interior Gateway [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>BGP scanner process monitors the next hop of installed routes to verify next-hop reachability. It is also responsible to select, install, and validate the BGP best path. By default, the BGP scanner is used to poll the RIB for this information every 60 seconds. During the 60 second time period between scan cycles, Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) instability or other network failures can cause black holes and routing loops to temporarily form.</p>
<p>BGP scan process is also responsible for the checks to determine whether the conditional advertisement should or should not advertise the conditional route. It also checks whether route dampening information needs to be updated.</p>
<blockquote><p>bgp scan-time</p></blockquote>
<p>There is also a VPN4 equivalent that is configured under the VPN4 address family and the syntax is slightly different. By default it runs every 15 seconds.</p>
<blockquote><p>bgp scan-time import</p></blockquote>
<p>Also see:<br />
<a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/iproute/configuration/guide/irp_bgp_adv_features_ps6350_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html#wp1056233">http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/iproute/configuration/guide/irp_bgp_adv_features_ps6350_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html#wp1056233</a><br />
<a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_0t/12_0t7/feature/guide/VPN_EN.html#wp1045721">http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_0t/12_0t7/feature/guide/VPN_EN.html#wp1045721</a></p>
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		<title>CCIE SP gets OEQ</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=846</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=846#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Dec 2009 13:34:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=846</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[OEQ to be tested on SP from 4th Jan 2010. Guess I will have some use for that extra month after all. Just glad I worked it into the study schedule. Now, the next question, how to prepare for this and what to expect. If the RS feedback regarding the OEQ is anything to go [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>OEQ to be tested on SP from 4th Jan 2010. Guess I will have some use for that extra month after all. Just glad I worked it into the study schedule. Now, the next question, how to prepare for this and what to expect. If the RS feedback regarding the OEQ is anything to go by then it should be a walk in the park. Famous last words&#8230;</p>
<p>Call me crazy, but I am glad it has finally made it.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le3/ccie/sp/lab_exam.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le3/ccie/sp/lab_exam.html</a></p>
<p>Still nothing on:<br />
<a href="http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le3/ccie/announcements/index.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le3/ccie/announcements/index.html</a></p>
<p>and<br />
<a href="https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/community/certifications/ccie_service_provider">https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/community/certifications/ccie_service_provider</a></p>
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		<title>CCIE Data Center</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=842</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=842#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Dec 2009 16:30:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=842</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Very interesting track that is making the rounds in the usual gossip corners. Now I have already decided SP will be my last CCIE (excluding CCDE), but Data Center would be very tempting. Wife would kill me though  
Apparently it will replace/consolodate the current Storage track which I think is a good idea. Storage [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Very interesting track that is making the rounds in the usual gossip corners. Now I have already decided SP will be my last CCIE (excluding CCDE), but Data Center would be very tempting. Wife would kill me though <img src='http://21500.net/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_sad.gif' alt=':(' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>Apparently it will replace/consolodate the current Storage track which I think is a good idea. Storage in it self is not very appealing, but Data Center, if truly reflecting current and future real world Data Centers, then Yes, it is bound to be a winner.</p>
<p>In summary I would expect something to the effect of CCIE storage + CCIE RS less the routing. Possible devices:<br />
Cat: 65xx, 49xx, 45xx, some smaller cats<br />
Nexus: 5k, 7k<br />
MSD 9xxx<br />
Cisco ACE?<br />
ACS</p>
<p>Realistically we will probably not see the high end devices and even then it will be a difficult track to prepare for due to the hardware.</p>
<p>Some earlier comments:<br />
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=75717837879&amp;topic=8511" target="_blank"> http://www.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=75717837879&amp;topic=8511</a></p>
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		<title>CCIE worldwide stats &#8211; RS numbers dropping</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=837</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=837#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Dec 2009 18:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=837</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I never thought this would ever happen: RS numbers officially dropping, SP taking the lead. Probably just a glitch in the system while the cheaters/vendors/360 program catch up. I wonder whether the 360 ads will change their 1.2 pass ratio.  From the latests stats: 71 New SP ccie&#8217;s of which 20 were RS holders. That [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I never thought this would ever happen: RS numbers officially dropping, SP taking the lead. Probably just a glitch in the system while the cheaters/vendors/360 program catch up. I wonder whether the 360 ads will change their 1.2 pass ratio.  From the latests stats: 71 New SP ccie&#8217;s of which 20 were RS holders. That trend is slightly down from Feb09 when it was 24:62. If CCIE was a code on the stock exchange, I would expect to see a spike.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le3/ccie/certified_ccies/worldwide.html">http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le3/ccie/certified_ccies/worldwide.html</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.networkworld.com/community/node/48678">http://www.networkworld.com/community/node/48678</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.ccie18473.net/wwccies/wwccies.htm">http://www.ccie18473.net/wwccies/wwccies.htm</a></p>
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		<title>Game plan two</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=829</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=829#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 14:00:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=829</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The definition of a game plan is any strategy devised to reach a given objective (From en.wiktionary.org/wiki/game_plan). As someone once said, not to plan, is planning to fail. Therefore I need a concrete strategy for the next attempt. Game plan one was simply to invest all my effort into mastering the technologies. This I believe [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The definition of a game plan is any strategy devised to reach a given objective (From <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/game_plan">en.wiktionary.org/wiki/game_plan</a>). As someone once said, not to plan, is planning to fail. Therefore I need a concrete strategy for the next attempt. Game plan one was simply to invest all my effort into mastering the technologies. This I believe was successful, however the dynamics of passing the CCIE lab is far more complicated than just the technologies. Personally I would say the technologies are 50% of what it takes. The other 50% is comprised of the psychological and the physical aspects that determine your overall delivery on lab day.</p>
<p>To summarize my RS experience which correlates with the above. Game plan one was similar: lab, read and absorb as much as possible. Got to the lab in Brazil, was confident, somewhere along I messed up, got the result no pass. I was fortunate enough to get a response from Bruno, one of the proctors at Brussels, that due to configuring a simple IP address wrong, cost multiple points. How did it miss the radar. Re-evaluate what went wrong. Booked the next lab, just over a month away from the first attempt. Did no technical excercises, just read the labs I previously did and prepared mentally for the next attempt. The reason for no technical labs was after the first lab I realized I was ready for this part of the lab but that it required more than that. I needed to demonstrate on lab day that I knew what I was doing in a very articulate way. That is the tough part of the lab. If Cisco was a democracy, I would vote for tougher lab questions and partial points.</p>
<p>The first SP lab went similar, the technologies went well, but due to my RS lab experience, time management went out the door in favor for being as punctual in the demonstration as possible. I actually thought I would finish the lab with time to spare and be able to go over everything again in order to spot the errors in interpretation, requirements that were just simply skipped and those questions that broke previous ones. I got the balance totally wrong. </p>
<p>For the second attempt I have a bit of a problem. I can not sit the lab within a month, I have to wait five before I can have another opportunity to convince Cisco. The advantage of sitting the lab in quick succession is that it is easier to stay prepared at CCIE level. Lab day is a peak along the journey and to maintain that peak for five months is not going to be easy. I have no other choice but to keep doing labs and keep everything fresh. This is for my own benefit in the long run. Since getting back to labs at the start of November I have completed the first four labs of IPX Vol3, now branded as the Lab Mentoring Kit. They are simple labs, but what I like about them is that the topology does not have to be complicated in order to bring a point across and makes it easier to learn from. I actually consider Lab3 and Lab4 of this range to be the best of all the workbooks I have done (<a href="http://21500.net/?p=767">read the review</a>). I am now currently busy with INE vol2 labs and have completed the first three. I would rate the first two labs from INE vol2 second to lab3 and 4 from IPX vol3, aka Mentoring kit. The further the INE labs go in the workbook the more the wheels start to fall off. If you do the last 5 labs for the first time, make sure to use their forum where most of the workbook bugs are discussed. For some reason Lab8 rings a bell as another gem. After completing INE vol2, I will do the 5 IPX vol2 labs and lab5 from IPX vol3. The reason for this is that they are marathon labs which I hope will help with time management. I need to complete them in 6 or less hours or even better if I can do one every evening after work. This would be a workout of note. </p>
<p>All this should be done by the end of December. I then have about another month in order to either prepare for OEQ and if they don&#8217;t arrive I will spend this month on specific scenarios, reading and preparing mentally. All this with the focus on speed and accuracy while keeping the technologies fresh.</p>
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		<title>Postmortem &#8211; Brussels</title>
		<link>http://21500.net/?p=817</link>
		<comments>http://21500.net/?p=817#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 18:08:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>21500</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[CCIE SP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://21500.net/?p=817</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As promised a bit more about the Brussels lab (a month or two over due). It is probably the most documented venue on the net so I wont go into too much detail about the venue it self.

Lab day started off well. The proctor was late but this was a minor, almost expected. In fact I preferred to start [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As promised a bit more about the Brussels lab (a month or two over due). It is probably the most documented venue on the net so I wont go into too much detail about the venue it self.</p>
<div>
<p>Lab day started off well. The proctor was late but this was a minor, almost expected. In fact I preferred to start a little late in Brussels. If you fly west then the opposite is preferred. Bruno, the first proctor, gives a long run down of do&#8217;s and don&#8217;ts. Somewhere in the long run down he mentioned the preconfig, but that was still not clear to me. I ended up spending way to much time verifying the preconfig.</p>
<p>After reading through the lab the first time, I had a deja vu moment. I remember distinctly when I read my first RS lab I thought it was going to be a walk in the park. Talk about counting chickens before they hatched. How quick we forget. So with this mindset I treated cautiously, just not wanting to throw it all away with unforced errors. The effect was that by lunch time I completed 40% of the lab. I knew I had the points on the board, but also knew I was behind,  so after lunch I tried to pick up the pace (in vain). Another two and half hours later I had (in my mind) about 70 points on the board. So with the VPN section left for last with just over an hour to go, I could spend a good part of 15 minutes per question and complete four of them, pushing me over the required 80. I spent some time on a couple and then started rushing through the rest just to at least finished and leave no points on the table. I believe this strategy was the correct one to follow, the only problem was that I arrived at this point at least an hour too late, two more hours would have been &#8216;fair&#8217;. When I walked out I knew it was going to be tight. I counted the points up, if I get all the points I think I should get I would easily pass, if I made unforced errors or miss interpreted some questions it would mean another lab. From my first RS lab experience I came to the conclusion that I have to be absolutely sure about 90+ points in order to pass. There will always be one or two requirements that were misinterpreted or one or two unforced errors. This can easily add up to 12 points or more.</p>
<p>The result, <em>thanks for coming, please come again</em>, arrived the next morning on the way back. After counting up the points I opted for the reread. Reviewing the score report suggested that I did not get points where I was absolutely sure I should have got. The only explanation I could arrive at was that I did not clear some neighbors after changes were made. After preparing for two ccie&#8217;s these are the things one can do while in a coma, so I knew they were correct, but was I so confident that I did not bother to verify in the rush. Yes, probably, argh. I counted up 18 points that I might have lost due to the above and two bugs I encountered. The one bug is normally solved with a bit of extra config and a reload. Although I had the bug fix config, the reload was not an option. This was the last question I configured while everyone was waiting for me <img src='http://21500.net/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> . When I decided to go for the reread I was convinced this was going to give me that extra points I needed. Alas, the reread result came back with no change.</p>
<p>Personally I think the reread is not just a total reload with the saved configs, but rather the reload with saved configs plus an evaluation of the saved grading script output. Therefore if some conditions failed during the first grading and succeed during the second, they take the first result.</p>
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